EPD-IES-0035125:001
Granab subfloor system - Z Steel
Granab subfloor systems are used in homes, offices, schools and public buildings: they are constructed with non-deformable galvanised steel floor girders and an effective sound-dampening resilient suspension system. The subfloor system is secured to the subflooring and set at the desired height. Surface flooring made from chipboard and parquet or carpet is laid over the system.
General information
| EPD Owner | Bygg och Miljöteknik GRANAB AB |
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| Registration number | EPD-IES-0035125:001 |
| EPD type | EPD of a single product from a manufacturer/service provider |
| Status | Valid |
| Version date | 2026-10-02 |
| Validity date | 2031-10-02 |
| Standards conformance | ISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
| An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD. | |
Programme information
| Programme | International EPD System |
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| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1 |
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| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
Verification
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
|---|---|
| Third-party verifier | David Palm (Dalemarken AB) |
| Approved by | The International EPD® System |
| Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier | |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.environdec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | Bygg och Miljöteknik GRANAB AB |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | Fredrik Blom |
| Contact person e-mail | fredrik@granab.se |
| Organisation address | Åkerigatan 2 447 37 Vårgårda Sweden |
| LCA Practitioner | Marta Herrero Alemany, marta.herrero.alemany@ivl.se elisabet.hallberg@ivl.se, elisabet.hallberg@ivl.se |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
GRANAB manufactures subfloor systems for homes, offices, schools and public buildings.
Organisation logo
Product information
| Product name | Granab subfloor system - Z Steel |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Not applicable |
| Product description | Granab subfloor systems are used in homes, offices, schools and public buildings: they are constructed with non-deformable galvanised steel floor girders and an effective sound-dampening resilient suspension system. The subfloor system is secured to the subflooring and set at the desired height. Surface flooring made from chipboard and parquet or carpet is laid over the system. |
| Product information from external sources | https://www.granab.se/en/ |
| Technical purpose of product | To provide an elevated floor structure with sound insulation and level adjustment capabilities in residential, commercial, educational and public buildings. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | Assembly of the various components of the system. |
| Material properties | Area density: 2.3 kg/m2
Thickness: 0.045 m Area density: 2.3 kg/m2 Thickness: 0.045 m |
| Manufacturing site | GRANAB AB Granab Lidköping 531 53 Lidköping Sweden |
| UN CPC code | No applicable UN CPC code |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Content declaration
| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
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Product content
| Content name | Mass, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Galvanized steel | 1.99 | 67 | 0 | 0 |
| Polypropylene (PP) | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Steel | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Polyurethane (PUR) | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 2.33 | 67 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
Packaging materials
| Material name | Mass, kg | Mass-% (versus the product) | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plastic packaging | 0.009 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Steel band | 0.006 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Wood based packaging | 0.017 | 0.7 | 0.007 |
| Corrugated board | 0.005 | 0.2 | 0.002 |
| Total | 0.037 | 1.5 | 0.009 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | ||
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Declared unit |
|---|---|
| Declared unit and reference flow | 1 m2 of Granab subfloor System Area: 1 m2 |
| Conversion factor to mass | 2.3 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | GaBi database (general) Sphera MLC (fka GaBi) Databases Edition 2026.1 |
| LCA Software | LCA for Experts (formerly GaBi Software) N/A |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Characterisation methods | Environmental indicators describing environmental impacts according to EN15804+A2, Version: EF 3.1 Optional indicators describing environmental impacts according to EN15804+A2, Version: EF 3.1 Resource use, waste and output flows |
| Technology description including background system | The product considered is a steel subfloor system for homes, offices, schools and public buildings. It consists mainly of galvanized steel profiles (85% by weight), together with polypropylene support blocks, steel screws and polyurethane damping elements. The system is manufactured at Granab’s facilities in Lidköping, Sweden, using mainly electricity for assembly and processing. The main raw material is SSAB Zero™ galvanized steel produced from recycled steel scrap. At end of life, the steel subfloor system is assumed to be recycled, with steel recovered through a 100% recycling scenario. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
Data quality assessment
| Description of data quality assessment and reference years | The data used for this EPD, including product composition, raw material consumption, and manufacturing data, were originally collected by Granab directly from the production sites for the previous EPD and are primarily representative of the 2019 production year. For the 2026 EPD update, these data were reviewed together with Granab and confirmed to remain representative of the current product and manufacturing process. Concerning A1 (upstream raw material production), supplier-specific data from SSAB have been applied for the galvanised steel profiles. The data are based on the Environmental Product Declaration for Metal Coated SSAB Zero™ steel sheets and coils, published according to EN 15804+A2. Generic database data were used for polypropylene (PP) and the steel screws. For the damping element, supplier-specific data based on the EPD for Sylodyn® closed-cell polyurethane elastomer were applied. Generic database data were also used for electricity production and transportation processes. According to the PCR, the data quality assessment shall cover datasets representing at least 80% of the absolute result of each core environmental indicator. Therefore, the assessment was carried out at dataset level for the main raw materials, packaging materials, transport processes and manufacturing activities included in the study. The assessed datasets are considered representative, reliable and appropriate for the goal and scope of the study. Overall, the assessed datasets showed good to very good data quality, with the main environmental contributors represented by supplier-specific EPDs and primary data. Supplier-specific data were used for the galvanized steel profiles and the polyurethane damping element, while manufacturing activities and transport modelling were based on production-specific and primary data. Generic database datasets were applied mainly for minor inputs such as packaging materials, polypropylene and steel screws. All datasets were considered complete, sufficiently precise and consistently modelled according to EN 15804+A2 and PCR 2019:14 requirements. No dataset was rated poor or very poor in terms of geographical, technical or temporal representativeness, including datasets contributing more than 30% to any core environmental indicator. |
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Data quality assessment
| Process name | Source type | Source | Reference year | Data category | Share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel profiles. galvanised | EPD | SSAB Zero™ steel EPD and energy use at Boxholms Profil AB | 2025/2026 | 73% primary data, secondary data | 49% |
| PP, support block | Database | PlasticsEurope/GaBi data | 2014/2026 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Steel, expandable screw | Database | Steel Engineering steel (Worldsteel 2018, EU) | 2018 | Secondary data | 0% |
| PUR (damping element) | EPD | Sylodyn® EPD, Getzner Werkstoffe GmbH | 2025 | Primary data, secondary data | 4% |
| Plastic packaging | Database | LDPE film (PlasticsEurope 2014 & sphera, EU) | 2014 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Steel band | Database | Steel Engineering steel (Worldsteel 2018, EU) | 2018 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Wood based packaging | EPD | EPD by Swedish wood 2021 | 2021 | Primary data, secondary data | 1% |
| Corrugated board | Database | Corrugated board box (Fefco 2018) | 2018 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Transport of raw materials | Database | Gabi/sphera database | 2026 | Primary data | 4% |
| Manufacturing of the subfloor system | Collected data | Granab production data from 2019, reviewed and validated in 2026 | 2019, validated 2026 | Primary data | 2% |
| Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 | 60% | ||||
| The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories. | |||||
| Comment on the data sources and other information in the table | The reported share of primary data is associated with uncertainty, as EPD for PUR and Wood based packing used as data source lack information on the share of primary data. |
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Electricity data
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Residual electricity mix on the market | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 7.28% |
| Wind | 7.75% | |
| Solar | 28.2% | |
| Biomass | 7.47% | |
| Geothermal | 0% | |
| Waste | 0% | |
| Nuclear | 32.54% | |
| Natural gas | 2% | |
| Coal | 0.08% | |
| Oil | 1.22% | |
| Peat | 0% | |
| Other | 13.78% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.12 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | b) Cradle to gate with options, modules C1-C4, module D and with optional modules (A1-A3 + C + D and additional modules). |
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| Excluded modules | No, there is no excluded module, or there are no excluded modules |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Module | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modules declared | X | X | X | X | X | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Finland | Europe | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 60% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | Baseline |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | This EPD are assessed to have no significant limitations worth mentioning, since for instance the main materials are based on certified EPDs from the suppliers. The end of life treatment of a small amount of plastic waste (polyethylene: PE) from the core process is assumed to be negligible. It corresponds to 0.003 kg per declared unit (or 0.0015 kg per kg floor system). If applying waste incineration for this plastic waste it would only add about 0.01 kg fossil carbon dioxide (0.003 kg PE *3.1 kg CO2 oer kg PE) which should be within the uncertainty of the final GWP fossil results. The transport to customer (A4) is based on a more or less representative average (400 km by truck) which in reality varies from customer to customer. Transport A4 corresponds to around 2.5% of the GWP-GHG A1-A4. The assumptions made and the data used to model module C are the most uncertain. |
Module A4: Transport to the building site
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A4 | Transport to customer |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module A4 | 400 km by truck |
| Description of the default scenario in module A4 | When declaring the life cycles stages A1-A3 in an EPD, the A4 transport shall not be included. The reason however for including this transport is to be comparable with the Norwegian EPD system, since this transport is required in this EPD system. An average distance of 400 km by truck was estimated by Granab. The fuel mix applied for the truck transport follows the HBEFA 2025 assumptions used in the sphera transport datasets and consists of 84.7% conventional fossil diesel, 3.3% RME and 12.0% HVO on an energy-content basis. |
| Module A4 information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
Distance | 400 | km |
Capacity utilization (including empty returns) | 60 | % |
Bulk density of transported products | Unknown | N/A |
Volume capacity utilization factor (factor: =1 or <1 or ≥1 for compressed or nested packaged products) | Not applicable | N/A |
| Fuel type | 84.7% conventional fossil diesel, 3.3% RME and 12.0% HVO on an energy-content basis | N/A |
Module A5: Installation in the building
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A5 | Installation |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module A5 | Only biogenic carbon release from wood and cardboard packaging is included in A5 |
| Description of the default scenario in module A5 | The construction installation stage (A5) has only been included to account for the release of biogenic carbon contained in the packaging materials. The packaging materials consist of corrugated board and wood-based packaging, which contain biogenic carbon. During production, the uptake of biogenic carbon is reported in modules A1-A3. Biogenic carbon stored in the packaging materials is then released in module A5. Waste treatment of packaging materials was considered negligible and therefore excluded from the system boundary. Consequently, no packaging-related energy recovery is modelled in A5. As PERM and PENRM were calculated according to Option B in Annex 3 of PCR 2019:14, the energy content of packaging materials becoming waste in module A5 is not considered useful recovered energy. Consequently, it remains accounted for as energy used as raw material (PERM/PENRM) and is not transferred to PERE/PENRE. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | End of life |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | End-of-life: 100% steel recycling; polymers combusted during steel recycling |
| Description of the default scenario in module C | For the end of life (module C) generic data has been used to estimate C1 Deconstruction, C2 Transport (150 km by truck), C3 Waste processing. The steel subfloor is considered to end up at steel recycling due to the large content of steel, and before that the product is probably not sorted out into the different material parts. This in turn means that the other materials than steel (polymers) is burned in the electric arc furnace (EAF) when the steel is melted. All steel in the subfloor system is assumed to end up at steel recycling (module C3), corresponding to a 100% recycling scenario. The polymers (PP and PUR) are as mentioned assumed to burn off in the EAF and for the incineration (C3) data (Gabi/sphera) has been applied. This data has been considered as sufficient enough even though based on incineration in a waste incineration plant. |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | No credit |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | No credit is provided to the recycled steel |
| Description of the default scenario in module D | Since SSAB Zero steel is produced from 100% recycled scrap, no net withdrawal of primary material can be considered avoided through recycling at end of life. Consequently, no credit for recovered steel is assigned in Module D. Since the polymer parts end up together with the product in steel recycling, module D (i.e. credit for generated energy) is not relevant since no “valuable” energy is generated. |
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 2.45E+0 | 5.68E-2 | 3.50E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.01E-3 | 2.68E-2 | 8.53E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 2.47E+0 | 5.61E-2 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.01E-3 | 2.64E-2 | 8.53E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | -2.84E-2 | 1.50E-4 | 3.50E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.08E-6 | 7.05E-5 | 3.44E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 6.31E-3 | 5.61E-4 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.32E-6 | 2.64E-4 | 2.24E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 5.71E-9 | 8.91E-18 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.07E-16 | 4.20E-18 | 5.25E-14 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 1.12E-2 | 8.12E-5 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.01E-6 | 4.04E-5 | 2.67E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 1.80E-5 | 3.46E-7 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.57E-9 | 1.63E-7 | 2.68E-8 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 2.51E-3 | 2.79E-5 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.51E-6 | 1.42E-5 | 9.38E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 2.69E-2 | 3.50E-4 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.82E-5 | 1.77E-4 | 1.35E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 7.79E-3 | 6.52E-5 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.63E-6 | 3.27E-5 | 2.45E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1 | kg Sb eq. | 1.50E-4 | 5.20E-9 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.36E-11 | 2.45E-9 | 6.80E-9 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 4.97E+1 | 7.37E-1 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.31E-2 | 3.47E-1 | 2.58E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 6.05E-1 | 7.44E-4 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.50E-6 | 3.50E-4 | 8.02E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | ||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 2.46E+0 | 5.68E-2 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.01E-3 | 2.68E-2 | 8.53E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2 | CTUe | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2 | CTUh | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2 | CTUh | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2 | Dimensionless | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 1.97E+1 | 6.70E-2 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.09E-4 | 3.16E-2 | 4.55E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 3.61E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 2.00E+1 | 6.70E-2 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.09E-4 | 3.16E-2 | 4.55E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 3.73E+1 | 7.38E-1 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.31E-2 | 3.48E-1 | 2.58E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 1.24E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 4.97E+1 | 7.38E-1 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.31E-2 | 3.48E-1 | 2.58E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| SM | kg | 2.19E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 2.03E-2 | 8.49E-5 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.65E-7 | 4.00E-5 | 1.90E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 1.28E-5 | 4.08E-11 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.55E-13 | 1.92E-11 | 2.83E-11 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NHWD | kg | 2.80E-1 | 1.85E-4 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.42E-6 | 8.71E-5 | 1.01E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RWD | kg | 2.68E-3 | 1.30E-6 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.38E-8 | 6.11E-7 | 1.18E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 1.03E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.99E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MER | kg | 6.89E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 4.57E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 8.26E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Abbreviations
EAF = Electric Arc Furnace
EF = Environmental Footprint
EPD = Environmental Product Declaration
GPI = General Programme Instructions
HBEFA = Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport
HDPE = High-Density Polyethylene
HVO = Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil
IBU = Institut Bauen und Umwelt
ISO = International Organization for Standardization
LCA = Life Cycle Assessment
LDPE = Low-Density Polyethylene
LLDPE = Linear Low-Density Polyethylene
ND = Not Declared
PCR = Product Category Rules
PE = Polyethylene
PP = Polypropylene
PU = Polyurethane
PUR = Polyurethane
RME = Rapeseed Methyl Ester
SVHC = Substances of Very High Concern
UN CPC = United Nations Central Product Classification
References
CEN European Committee for Standardisation (2021). EN15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 (CEN 2021), Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products.
PCR 2019:14 Construction products. Version 2.0.1, date 2025-06-05. EPD International AB, The International EPD® System, http://www.environdec.com/.
Fefco, European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers, European Database for Corrugated Board Life Cycle Studies, 2018.
Gabi/spehra database. The Gabi database 2026.1 was used.
Gabi LCA software. The Gabi LCA software and corresponding database are provided by spehra in Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany. Gabi version 10 was used.
GPI, General Programme Instructions of the International EPD® System, Version 5.0.
Granab 2026, the company producing the subfloor system studied. The data have been provided by Fredrik Blom.
Getzner Werkstoffe GmbH EPD, Sylodyn® elastomer made of closed-cell polyurethane (PU), Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), EPD-GET-20230472-IBA1-EN, EN 15804+A2, Institut Bauen und Umwelt (IBU), 2025.
HBEFA 2025
ISO (2006a). ISO 14025:2006, Environmental labels and declarations – Type III environmental declarations – Principles and procedures.
ISO (2006b). ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework.
ISO (2006c). ISO 14044: 2006, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines.
PlasticsEurope, Association of Plastics Manufacturers, Eco-profiles and Environmental Product Declarations of the European Plastics Manufacturers, High-density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE), Linear Low-density Polyethylene (LLDPE), PlasticsEurope, April 2014.
Sphera (former thinkstep). The provider of the Gabi LCA software and database.
SSAB EPD, Metal Coated SSAB Zero™ Steel Sheets and Coils, Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), EN 15804+A2, The International EPD® System, 2025.
Swedish Wood EPD, Swedish sawn dried timber of spruce or pine, Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), registration number S-P-02537, EN 15804+A2, The International EPD® System, 2021.
World Steel Association (worldsteel) is an industry association, with members in every major steel-producing country, representing steel producers, national and regional steel industry associations, and steel research institutes.
Version history
Original version of the EPD, 2026-10-02