EPD-IES-0032612:001
BAT SHAPE
The product Bat Shape P+52 1420 is an artificial turf system made of polyethylene (PE) yarn, characterized by a specific fibre geometry designed to enhance resilience and recovery performance after foot traffic. The structure consists of a polypropylene (PP) primary backing, onto which the fibres are tufted, and a polyurethane backing that ensures yarn anchoring and overall system stability.
The infill is composed of Geo Special (produced internally by Limonta Sport) in combination with silica sand. This solution contributes to shock absorption, turf stability, and the maintenance of long-term performance characteristics. Overall, Bat Shape P+52 1420 is designed for sports facilities subject to medium to intensive use, where durability, consistent performance, and appropriate biomechanical response are required.
Bat Shape system is certified according to international protocols issued by FIFA, World Rugby, Nordic Football Associations, Gaelic Athletic Association, and Lega Nazionale Dilettanti, and complies with the following standards: EN 71-3, EN 13501-1, and DIN 18035.
General information
| EPD Owner | LIMONTA SPORT SPA |
|---|---|
| Registration number | EPD-IES-0032612:001 |
| EPD type | EPD of multiple products based on a representative product |
| Status | Valid |
| Version date | 2026-07-30 |
| Validity date | 2031-07-29 |
| Standards conformance | ISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 |
| Geographical scope | Global, Italy |
| An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD. | |
Programme information
| Programme | International EPD System |
|---|---|
| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1 |
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| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
Verification
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
|---|---|
| Third-party verifier | SGS ICS Italia Srl |
| Accredited by | Accredia |
| Accredited certification body address | Italy |
| Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier | |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.environdec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | LIMONTA SPORT SPA |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | SILVIA STROZZI |
| Contact person e-mail | silvia.strozzi@limontasport.com |
| Organisation address | Via Crema, 60 24055 Cologno al Serio (BG) Italy |
| LCA Practitioner | SILVIA STROZZI, silvia.strozzi@limontasport.com |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
Limonta Sport S.p.A. is an Italian company engaged in the design and manufacture of artificial and hybrid turf sports surfaces. Founded in 1972, the company is headquartered in Cologno al Serio, in the Province of Bergamo, and is part of the Limonta Group, an industrial organization with a long-standing tradition in the textile sector. The company develops systems for a wide range of sports, including football, rugby, tennis, hockey, padel, and golf, as well as PVC synthetic flooring solutions for indoor sports such as basketball, volleyball, handball, and badminton. Its activities include the design and production of turf systems and related components, as well as technical support during the installation and maintenance phases of sports facilities. Manufacturing activities are carried out at a dedicated industrial facility equipped with production lines for both synthetic yarns and artificial turf systems. Over the years, the company has invested in the development of technological solutions aimed at improving sports performance and enhancing material durability, including through the use of alternative infill materials and hybrid systems that combine natural and synthetic grass. Limonta Sport operates in both domestic and international markets through a network of subsidiaries and commercial partners. Its products have been installed in numerous countries worldwide, and the company has obtained certifications issued by international sports federations, including the status of FIFA Preferred Producer and World Rugby Preferred Turf Producer, demonstrating compliance of its systems with the technical standards required for official competitions. The company’s operations are characterized by an integrated production chain and a strong commitment to quality and regulatory compliance, with particular attention to the technical, performance, and safety aspects of the sports surfaces it manufactures.
Organisation images
Organisation logo
Product information
| Product name | Bat Shape P+52 1420 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | The representative product is the Bat Shape P+52 1420 synthetic turf system including the artificial turf, backing layers, coating and infill materials. |
| Product description | The product Bat Shape P+52 1420 is an artificial turf system made of polyethylene (PE) yarn, characterized by a specific fibre geometry designed to enhance resilience and recovery performance after foot traffic. The structure consists of a polypropylene (PP) primary backing, onto which the fibres are tufted, and a polyurethane backing that ensures yarn anchoring and overall system stability. The infill is composed of Geo Special (produced internally by Limonta Sport) in combination with silica sand. This solution contributes to shock absorption, turf stability, and the maintenance of long-term performance characteristics. Overall, Bat Shape P+52 1420 is designed for sports facilities subject to medium to intensive use, where durability, consistent performance, and appropriate biomechanical response are required. Bat Shape system is certified according to international protocols issued by FIFA, World Rugby, Nordic Football Associations, Gaelic Athletic Association, and Lega Nazionale Dilettanti, and complies with the following standards: EN 71-3, EN 13501-1, and DIN 18035. |
| Technical purpose of product | systems for a wide range of sports, including football, rugby, tennis, hockey, padel, and golf, as well as PVC synthetic flooring solutions for indoor sports such as basketball |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The main stages of the production process carried out at the site subject to the energy audit are as follows: • Raw material reception: Raw materials are delivered by external trucks and unloaded at the dedicated unloading bay, once compliance with the order requirements has been verified (laboratory testing, weighing, visual inspection, etc.). • Weaving: The weaving stage consists of the insertion, through tufting looms, of polyethylene yarn into a primary backing. This operation is carried out using the active looms in the production department. The result is a semi-finished carpet, which is then stored pending subsequent processing stages. • Coating (spreading): The preliminary phase of the coating process involves the preparation of the coating system, which is formulated according to a specific recipe. Three different coating systems are used: polyurethane, latex, and hot-melt. Polyurethane is produced by preparing a compound consisting of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), zeolite, and polyol. Isocyanate and a catalyst (which also acts as a pigment), as well as compressed air to generate a spreadable foam, are subsequently added to the compound. The supplied latex is already pre compounded, whereas for hot-melt coating (a 100% recyclable product), polyethylene powder is melted onto the primary backing using infrared (IR) lamps. 12 The coating process itself is carried out in a spreading machine, which applies the binding agent to the back of the primary textile, polymerizes it at temperatures between 80–120 °C, and creates drainage holes while cutting the rolls to the lengths specified in the production order. In this way, structural support is provided to the turf and the yarn inserted during the weaving stage is anchored to the primary backing. The finished rolls are then packaged and transferred to the warehouse. • Shipping: Finished products ready for dispatch are managed by the Logistics Manager, collected from the warehouse using appropriate handling equipment, and loaded onto transport vehicles for shipment. |
| Material properties | Area density: 26.335 kg/m2
Thickness: 0.052 m Area density: 26.335 kg/m2 Thickness: 0.052 m |
| Manufacturing site | Production site Via Crema, 60 24055 Cologno al Serio (BG) Italy |
| UN CPC code | No applicable UN CPC code |
| Geographical scope | Global, Italy |
Product images
Content declaration
| Content declaration of multiple products | Content declaration concern the representative product selected for the study, Bat Shape P+52 1420, which is the most commercially sold product during 2024. |
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| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
Product content
| Content name | Mass, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polypropylene | 0.21 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Polyurethane | 0.32 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Carbonate | 0.37 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Catalyst | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Polyethylene | 1.42 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sand | 15.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Coconut Fibers | 2.26 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cork | 1.21 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Water | 5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 26.33 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
Packaging materials
| Material name | Mass, kg | Mass-% (versus the product) | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| HDPE | 0.037 | 0.14 | 0 |
| LDPE | 0.0089 | 0.03 | 0 |
| Polypropylene | 0.0557 | 0.21 | 0 |
| Wood | 0.3214 | 1.22 | 0 |
| Total | 0.423 | 1.6 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | ||
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Declared unit |
|---|---|
| Declared unit and reference flow | Bat Shape 1420 - yarn height 52 mm, including infills and packaging Area: 1 m2 |
| Conversion factor to mass | 1 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | ecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.11 database |
| LCA Software | SimaPro 10.3 |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Characterisation methods | EF 3.1 characterisation factors, as defined in the Environmental Footprint Reference Package 3.1 (February 2023), were applied in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 and the applicable PCR. |
| Technology description including background system | The product Bat Shape P+52 1420 is an artificial turf system made of polyethylene (PE) yarn, characterized by a specific fibre geometry designed to enhance resilience and recovery performance after foot traffic. The structure consists of a polypropylene (PP) primary backing, onto which the fibres are tufted, and a polyurethane backing that ensures yarn anchoring and overall system stability. The infill is composed of Geo Special (produced internally by Limonta Sport) in combination with silica sand. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
Data quality assessment
| Description of data quality assessment and reference years | In accordance with EN 15941 and the PCR requirements, a data quality assessment was performed for the datasets contributing to the environmental impact results. The assessment covers data representative of at least 80% of each declared environmental impact indicator and evaluates the geographical, technological, and temporal representativeness of the datasets, as well as their precision, completeness, consistency, and data sources. The datasets were generally considered to provide a high level of technological, geographical and temporal representativeness for the processes modelled. Precision, completeness and consistency were considered adequate for the goal and scope of the study. The overall percentage of primary data used in forms A1-A3 was estimated in this EPD. This percentage specifically concerns data relating to energy consumption, transport and direct emissions related to modules A1-A3. The percentage of primary data was calculated based on the results of the GWP-GHG indicator. This represents a simplified parameter of data quality, useful for encouraging the prevalent use of primary data, thus improving representativeness and comparability between different EPDs. It is important to remember, however, that this indicator does not cover all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across different product categories |
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Data quality assessment
| Process name | Source type | Source | Reference year | Data category | Share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation of electricity used in manufacturing of product | Database | Ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Primary data | 1% |
| Transport of material to manufacturing site | Database | Ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Primary data | 7% |
| Manufacturing (Diesel, Natural gas, industrial emissions) | Database | Ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Primary data | 1% |
| Primary (Backing) production | Database | Ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Coating layer production | Database | Ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Secondary data, proxy | 0% |
| Infill production | Database | Ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Yarn | Database | Ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Secondary data, proxy | 0% |
| Production of Packaging | Database | Ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Other processes | Database | Ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 | 9% | ||||
| The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories. | |||||
Electricity data
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Specific electricity mix as generated, or purchased from an electricity supplier, demonstrated by a contractual instrument | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 57.7% |
| Wind | 0% | |
| Solar | 0% | |
| Biomass | 0% | |
| Geothermal | 0% | |
| Waste | 42.3% | |
| Nuclear | 0% | |
| Natural gas | 0% | |
| Coal | 0% | |
| Oil | 0% | |
| Peat | 0% | |
| Other | 0% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.03 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
| Method used to calculate residual electricity mix | The specific electricity mix of Turf Production was modelled by weighting the ecoinvent datasets of the two sources in proportion to their respective certified volumes, resulting in a hydroelectric share of 57.7% and a biogenic fraction waste-to-energy share of 42.3%. This approach is consistent with the indications of the PCR, which provides as a priority the modeling of electricity purchased on the basis of a contractual instrument such as the Guarantee of Origin. The impact of electricity in terms of GWP-GHG is 0,029 kg CO2 eq./kWh The emission factor for the electricity associated with the production of the GEO Special, since this is not covered by G.O., was obtained using the Ecoinvent dataset "Electricity, medium voltage {IT} | electricity, medium voltage, residual mix | Cut-off, U" The impact of electricity in terms of GWP-GHG is 0.680 kg CO2 eq./kWh. |
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System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | a) Cradle to gate with modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D). |
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| Excluded modules | Yes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules |
| Justification for the omission of modules | Modules B1-B7 are not applicable. |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Module | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modules declared | X | X | X | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Global | Global | Italy | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Global | Global | Global | Global | Global | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 9% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 16% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | default scenario |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | This scenario represents the only assumption made |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | Default scenario |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | According to current industry practices and available information |
| Description of the default scenario in module C | Artificial turf systems reaching the end of their service life are frequently managed through disposal routes, including landfill disposal. Therefore, for the purpose of this study, the end-of-life modelling assumes that the product is removed, transported to waste treatment facilities and ultimately disposed of in landfill. In accordance with the applicable PCR, the default parameters reported in Table 4 of Section 4.8.4 were adopted for the modelling of modules C1, C2, C4. Furthermore, as module A5 was not included within the system boundary of the study, the end-of-life treatment of the packaging associated with the finished product and of the infill materials was modelled in module C4. This approach ensures that the waste treatment processes related to these materials are accounted for within the life cycle model despite the exclusion of the installation stage. Module C3 is not applicable. |
| Module C information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Demolition/deconstruction of steel, wood, and other materials | 1.6 | kWh |
| Transport (for products/materials not to be incinerated) | 80 | km |
| Compacting of inert construction waste for landfills (including backfilling) | 1.1 | kWh |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | Default Scenario |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | Potential impacts and benefits associated with the recycling of the product |
| Description of the default scenario in module D | It has calculated considering the potential impacts and benefits associated with the recycling of the product, calculated as described in the EN 15804 standard, Annex D. The impacts of module D were calculated for the loads and benefits related to the export of materials (eq. D1) due to the presence of recycled material inside the HDPE core (finished product packaging) and exported energy generated from waste incineration (eq. D3). There are no loads and benefits related to secondary fuels exported, or environmental loads and benefits related to energy export resulting from landfilling. To the ratio (Q_Rout/Q_sub ), has been assigned a value equal to 0,9 in accordance with Annex C of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF). Emission values were derived from Ecoinvent datasets, and the same source was used for LHV parameters and for the parameters required to estimate incineration process efficiencies. |
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 1.10E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.00E-2 | 4.30E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.60E-1 | -1.70E-1 |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 1.10E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.00E-2 | 4.30E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.60E-1 | -1.70E-1 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | -8.20E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.20E-6 | 1.10E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 8.30E+0 | -6.70E-5 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 1.10E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.10E-6 | 1.90E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 4.50E-6 | -4.10E-5 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 3.30E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.60E-10 | 5.40E-9 | 0.00E+0 | 4.00E-10 | 4.20E-10 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 5.30E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.40E-5 | 1.50E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 2.40E-4 | -4.00E-4 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 2.70E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.40E-7 | 4.70E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 3.40E-6 | -2.50E-5 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 1.30E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.40E-5 | 4.60E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 1.20E-4 | -8.30E-5 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 1.40E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.80E-4 | 5.00E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 1.20E-3 | -8.90E-4 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 5.90E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.40E-4 | 2.00E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 3.40E-4 | -5.90E-4 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1 | kg Sb eq. | 6.10E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.70E-9 | 1.40E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 2.40E-8 | -4.20E-7 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 2.40E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.40E-1 | 5.90E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 3.00E-1 | -3.90E+0 |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 6.60E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.90E-4 | 2.70E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.70E-2 | -2.20E-2 |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | ||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 1.10E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.00E-2 | 4.30E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.60E-1 | -1.70E-1 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2 | CTUe | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2 | CTUh | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2 | CTUh | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2 | Dimensionless | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 1.10E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.60E-4 | 8.20E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 6.60E+1 | -8.40E-3 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 6.60E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -6.60E+1 | -1.20E-2 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 1.80E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.60E-4 | 8.20E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 4.30E-3 | -2.00E-2 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 1.80E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.50E-1 | 6.30E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 7.90E+1 | -4.20E+0 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 7.90E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -7.90E+1 | 0.00E+0 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 2.60E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.50E-1 | 6.30E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 3.20E-1 | -4.20E+0 |
| SM | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 1.50E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.50E-6 | 7.40E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 4.20E-4 | -4.80E-4 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 3.80E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.50E-7 | 4.00E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 2.30E-6 | -5.60E-5 |
| NHWD | kg | 1.71E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.30E-5 | 2.70E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.10E-2 | 3.40E-3 |
| RWD | kg | 2.05E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.40E-8 | 1.20E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 6.00E-8 | -3.00E-7 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MER | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Information related to EPDs of multiple products
| Justification for why this is representative | The representative product selected for the study is Bat Shape P+52 1420, which is the most commercially sold product during 2024. This product is available in different configurations characterized by varying yarn heights and corresponding differences in infill quantities. |
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Abbreviations
Not applicable
References
• General Programme Instructions of International EPD System. Version. 5.0.1
• PCR Construction Products 2019:14 version 2.0.1 valid until 2030-04-07
• UNI EN ISO 14040: 2021, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework of reference.
• UNI EN ISO 14044: 2021, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines.
• UNI EN ISO 14025:2010, Environmental labels and declarations - Environmental Type Declarations III - Principles and procedures.
• EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products
• JRC/EF 3.1 characterization factors
• Life Cycle Assessment Study rev. 02 2026 06 15
Version history
Version 1, 2026-07-30
• Original Version of the EPD